Address by H.E. Wang Yi

Domestic political turmoil in the United States is probable and will, in turn, likely constrain the incoming president’s foreign policy. It may ignite fierce infighting — so much that even many Republicans worry that the U.S. could return to isolationism.

ASEAN and BRICS are both international cooperative organizations, much like the G7 - except both are led by non-Western aligned nations. The addition of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam to BRICS raises the question of whether these groups can harmonize their goals without disrupting ASEAN's long-standing geopolitical orientation.

Africa’s growing affinity for China draws both excitement and concern from observers the world over, while African leaders themselves seem drawn to the material benefits China is offering. What has China really done for Africa’s developing nations thus far?

The West’s dominating influence around the world has come under heavy scrutiny as open conflicts rage on in Europe and the Middle East. Does this year’s BRICS Summit, hosted in Russia, represent an inflection point in the global community’s tolerance for U.S.-led order?

To avoid misunderstandings that could escalate into conflict, China and the United States must come to agreement about what strategic stability means. The concept is interwoven with the basic assumptions of each side as they negotiate, but their current mismatch is serious and undermines success.

At 82, I have lived through countless political and social upheavals, enough to become somewhat inured to history’s recurring cycles. But recent developments have left me profoundly shaken and afraid. The bedrock principles of international law, established in the aftermath of World War II, are being flagrantly undermined. The ban on acquiring territory by force, the obligation to protect civilians during conflict, the limitations on the right of self-defense, and the United Nations Security Council’s mandate to “maintain international peace and security” are all unraveling, with little regard for the consequences.

The unity of the Gulf states, their diversified partnerships and their degree of assertiveness — along with China’s deepened relationships in the region — may constrain U.S. dominance. Even so, China must devise policies to navigate the unexpected strategic challenges it might encounter.

A fundamental shift in how the international community approaches global governance is required. Through concerted action, nations can resist the pull of unilateralism and build a more inclusive and stable international order.

The incoming Labour government in the UK is pursuing a pragmatic re-engagement with China, driven by economic challenges and a desire to stabilize trade and diplomatic relations, as seen in recent high-level dialogues. While a full reset to the "Golden Era" of ties is unlikely due to geopolitical constraints and domestic skepticism, opportunities for collaboration remain in areas like climate change and education, fostering mutual understanding and progress.