The grand strategies of Sun Tzu and Thucydides converge on a central idea: true victory lies in avoiding direct confrontation. In an era of nuclear deterrence and global challenges, their wisdom underscores that great powers must prioritize strategic restraint, internal resilience, and measured competition over reckless escalation.

Washington and Beijing display stark contrasts in their approaches to the world and to each other. The dividing lines highlight the extremes — perpetrators and victims, oppressors and the oppressed, aggressors and defenders.

China and the U.S. should not entangle themselves in trade imbalances and tariffs but find a new, innovative perspective. The future will be shaped by AI, big data, quantum computing and telecom. Both countries have tremendous common interests.

The country is far more resilient today than it was four years ago and in a good position to counter Donald Trump’s promised tariffs — or unexpected moves yet to come. It has diversified markets for Chinese goods, reduced the chances that countries in the region will form anti-China alliances and is welcoming foreign investment.

Despite heightened tensions between China and the U.S., sub-national diplomacy remains a critical channel for fostering collaboration. However, rising security concerns in the U.S. and differing priorities in China pose challenges, underscoring the need for transparency, trust, and a focus on mutual interests to sustain these efforts.

In an era of growing tensions between the United States and China, Roberta Lipson brings a valuable perspective shaped by decades of experience across the two cultures. As an American who has spent nearly half a century in Beijing building a network of 11 hospitals and 25 clinics, Lipson understands the complex interplay between business, healthcare, and international relations. In this conversation with KJ Kerr of China-US Focus on the sidelines of the U.S.-China Hong Kong Forum in November, she speaks about her remarkable journey and offers thoughtful analysis on the future of bilateral relations amid uncertain political times.

China must see to its own domestic affairs and promote all-around socioeconomic progress. Externally, it must walk the path of peaceful development without wavering, adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and hold fast to multilateralism to foster solidarity with other nations. Only in this way can we overcome the severe challenges that are coming our way.

Trump 2.0 is expected to be more mature than it was in Round 1. He will likely place greater emphasis on leadership and earning respect from other countries. If both sides commit to communication, managing differences and deepening cooperation, relations can find a new balance in a complex international environment.

The two major powers should go beyond their differences and work together to advance global industry and offer even greater joint contributions — finding new ways to secure a peaceful, mutually beneficial relationship.

As the impacts of climate change intensify, the U.S. and China must shift focus to adaptation, with opportunities for cooperation through subnational partnerships and a competitive model to assist vulnerable nations. This approach offers a path forward for both countries to lead global efforts in climate action.