To a large degree, the new agglomeration is the result of Washington’s “great power competition” strategy. While it looks a bit like the military-industrial complex of the Cold War era, it is truly a different entity, but it’s one whose long-term impact on China-U.S. ties must be understood.

China must see to its own domestic affairs and promote all-around socioeconomic progress. Externally, it must walk the path of peaceful development without wavering, adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and hold fast to multilateralism to foster solidarity with other nations. Only in this way can we overcome the severe challenges that are coming our way.

China and the United States held their first governmental dialogue on artificial intelligence in May. But skepticism arose about its value because the U.S. continued to impose technological restrictions on China. Here are some suggestions for how to move forward toward greater understanding and mutual security.

By insisting on protocols that enable cross-national interoperability in a world that lacks trust, the concept aims to break the grip of a handful of American tech giants while offering a chance for open-source systems to reestablish the sovereignty of all.

Cooperation on artificial intelligence has emerged as an area with high potential for China-U.S. relations. It would have a lasting impact. Therefore, both sides should take more effective measures to promote it and generate positive energy.

Given the high stakes, a coordinated effort to rein in artificial intelligence is crucial. Talks between the two powers must communicate mutual concerns, dispel misunderstandings and prevent this emerging technology from becoming a new source of tension.

Humans are a tool-making species, but can we control the tools we make? When Robert Oppenheimer and other physicists developed the first nuclear fission weapon in the 1940s, they worried that their invention might destroy humanity. Thus far, it has not, but controlling nuclear weapons has been a persistent challenge ever since.

The wide divergences in Chinese and U.S. preferences regarding artificial intelligence suggest NGO-led engagements will yield greater security benefits than official meetings.

Expanding the dialogue to include a broader range of stakeholders would provide more diverse perspectives with regard to the risks and opportunities associated with artificial intelligence and, potentially, create new opportunities for innovation and experimentation.

Cooperation between China and the United States in Track II dialogues now can help to avoid potential risks in international security and avoid bumps in bilateral relations. Interactions can also contribute insights useful in the establishment of the international norms and institutions needed for global AI governance.