Joseph Vaughan
Masters Student, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies
Apr 28, 2023
The world's transition to renewable energy brings geopolitical risks as countries compete for control over critical minerals like cobalt. With 70% of the world's cobalt output produced in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and expected growth in demand from battery technology proliferation, China has consolidated its market position in mining and refining, leading U.S. policymakers to view cobalt as a potential supply chain vulnerability.
Oct 14, 2022
Export controls are central in economic competition between the U.S. and China. A new U.S.-led multilateral export control regime could further entrench efforts to exclude China from accessing Western technology.