China’s self-identity has evolved from an “East Asian country” to an “Eurasian country” and finally to “the heart of Asia.” It marks a return to an old regional pattern. Although a return to the Sinocentric hierarchical system is neither possible nor desirable, a leading role in the contemporary international system is within China’s grasp.
The idea that all nations, big or small, should be treated as equals is one of the basic features of current international society. Today, it is hard for nations to emerge through wars, as has happened historically; a peaceful rise is the most realistic choice. To achieve this goal, China must reform and innovate the conceptual framework, bureaucratic systems, and talent selection of its foreign policy bureaucracy.
In terms of conceptual frameworks, China should get rid of its “victim mentality” and be confident. It may be normal to fear that falling behind will get you attacked, but China has already passed through this stage. No state is able to bully China. Putting forward the strategy of “new type of major power relations” indicates China’s confidence when it comes to great power relationships.
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