China’s economy is in the throes of financial adolescence. One consequence is that, when faced with surprises like the cut in interest rates on Nov. 21, it doesn’t always do what it is told.
If all credit in China still came from banks, as it mostly did a decade ago, a reduction in the benchmark rate set by the People’s Bank of China would benefit most borrowers. The adjustment would not be immediate: though most bank loans have floating rates, they are re-evaluated quarterly or even annually. But the effect would be widely spread.
In the past few years, however, China has sprouted all kinds of new ways to save and borrow that don’t respond predictably to the central bank’s orders. Trust companies, which can set rates as they choose, held 5.2 trillion yuan ($840 billion) of loans at the end of September, more than twice the amount two years ago when benchmark rates were last reduced. Trust loans disproportionately help property developers and local governments. Companies often extend credit to each other based on individual agreements that may not reprice quickly, or at all. Some 5.3 trillion yuan of those inter-company loans have been made, on a net basis, since the second half of 2012.
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